Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapy based on cognitions, assumptions, beliefs, and behaviors, with the aim of influencing negative emotions that relate to inaccurate appraisal of events. The general approach, developed out of behavior modification, Cognitive Therapy and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, has become widely used to treat various kinds of neuroses and psychopathology, including mood disorders and anxiety disorders. The particular therapeutic techniques vary according to the particular kind of client or issue, but commonly include keeping a diary of significant events and associated feelings, thoughts and behaviors; questioning and testing cognitions, assumptions, evaluations and beliefs that might be unhelpful and unrealistic; gradually facing activities which may have been avoided; and trying out new ways of behaving and reacting. Relaxation and distraction techniques are also commonly included. CBT is widely accepted as an evidence- and empiricism-based, cost-effective psychotherapy for many disorders and psychological problems.
The cognitive model especially emphasized in psychiatrist Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy says that a person's core beliefs (often formed in childhood) contribute to "automatic thoughts" that pop up in everyday life in response to situations. Cognitive Therapy practitioners hold that clinical depression is typically associated with negatively biased thinking and irrational thoughts.
Cognitive behavioral therapy is not an overnight process. Even after patients have learned to recognize when and where their mental processes go awry, it can take months of effort to replace a dysfunctional cognitive-affective-behavioral process or habit with a more reasonable, salutary one.
Cognitive behavioral therapy is often used in conjunction with mood stabilizing medications to treat bipolar disorder. Its application in treating schizophrenia along with medication and family therapy is recognized by the NICE guidelines
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an information processing psychotherapy that was developed to resolve symptoms resulting from disturbing and unresolved life experiences. EMDR is rated in the highest category of effectiveness and research support in international guidelines for PTSD treatment. It uses a structured approach to address past, present, and future aspects of disturbing memories. The approach was developed by Francine Shapiro to resolve symptoms resulting from exposure to a traumatic or distressing events. Clinical trials have demonstrated EMDR's efficacy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In some studies it has been shown to be equivalent to cognitive behavioral and exposure therapies, and more effective than some alternative treatments (see effectiveness sections below). Although some clinicians may use EMDR for various problems, its research support is primarily for disorders stemming from distressing life experiences.
Person-Centered Therapy (PCT), also known as Client-centered therapy, was developed by the humanist psychologist Carl Rogers in the 1940s and 1950s. The basic elements of Carl Rogers' new way of therapy was to have a more personal relationship with the patient to help the patient reach a state of realization that they can help themselves. He did this by pushing the patient towards growth, great stress on the immediate situation rather than the past. This way the person is able to use the therapy as a way to reach a better sense of self, rather than living in an irrational world.
Person-centered therapy helps a person achieve personal growth and/or come to terms with a specific event or problem they are having. It is a non-directive talking therapy. The therapist encourages the patient to express their feelings. By mirroring back what the patient reveals to them, it allows the patient to explore and understand their feelings for themselves. The patient is then able to decide what kind of changes they would like to make and can achieve personal growth.
Solution focused brief therapy (SFBT), often referred to as simply 'solution focused therapy' or 'brief therapy', is a type of talking therapy that is based upon social constructionist philosophy. It focuses on what clients want to achieve through therapy rather than on the problem(s) that made them seek help. The approach does not focus on the past, but instead, focuses on the present and future. The therapist/counselor uses respectful curiosity to determine the client’s preferred future. Questions are asked about the client’s story, strengths and resources, and about exceptions to the problem.
SFBT therapists help their clients to construct a concrete vision of a preferred future for themselves. The SFBT therapist then helps the client to identify times in their current life that are closer to this future, and examines what is different on these occasions. By bringing these small successes to their awareness, and helping them to repeat these successful things they do when the problem is not there or less severe, the therapists helps the client move towards the preferred future they have identified.
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) was founded by Gary Craig. It is a gentle therapy that is described as acupuncture without the needles that allows us to work on our problems. The individual taps on the meridian points using their fingertips to tap into their energy lines thus tapping into and freeing emotions.
The therapy is a meridian based therapy that uses the individual’s energy lines to release emotional baggage. With EFT the release of emotional baggage improves physical and mental health. In truth this is a therapy that is successful in the treatment for psychological and physical health problems. It is a brief and effective therapy that has a high response rate.
Matrix Imprinting is also based on Meridian therapy using the individual’s energy lines. Karl Dawson developed Matrix imprinting from the EFT techniques. He describes the therapy as one in which we work with our conscious holograms (known as echos). The echos are thought to have split of from ourselves due to life traumas, parts that are held in our matrix which influences how we think, feel and behave consequently our physical and emotional health is affected on all levels.
Gaining resolution from our echos can transform our lives in all areas replacing negativity with a positivity that was previously denied us.
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